Terrorism comes to Luxemburg
Luxemburg is the most recent European victim of terrorism. Since april 1985, unknown persons have carried out 14 bombings against domestic targets. The attacks have caused only minor injuries and no fatalities, but in several cases substantial property damage resulted. So far, US or NATO interest have not been targeted, but future attacks cannot be ruled out. Government officials are increasingly under pressure to put a stop to the bombings, [gecensureerd].
Terrorism emerges
The first indication of nascent terrorism in Luxemburg was a series of thefts of explosives from quarries that took place in early February 1985. In several separate incidents, thieves stole almost 400 kilograms of explosives, detonators, detonator cord an related material. [gecensureerd] The string of bombings began two months after the thefts (see accompanying chronology). The stolen explosives apparently were not used in the initial attacks, but they have turned up in the most recent bombings.
The first two bombings were against pylons supporting powerlines and were thought to be part of an extortion campaign directed against the state-owned electric company. An unknown group - the "Fighting Ecological Movement" - claimed responsibility for the attacks, but [gecensureerd] not consider the claims to be legitimate.
Since this modest beginning, however, the bombers have struck a variety of targets, including the telephone network, a newspaper, a gas generating plant, gendarmerie and police posts, a swimming pool complex, and the airport. Whereas the initial attacks generally were carried out during nights with full moons and against unprotected targets, the most recent bombings have been against occupied targets during daylight hours. The attack on 2 December near the European Common Market building - while a meeting of European chiefs of state was in progress - suggests that the bombers are growing bolder and are capable of striking even in the face of maximum security measures.
Who are these guys?
Luxemburg officials believe the perpetrators are indigenous terrorist, with no links to international movements or other European terrorist groups, but they are by no means certain that all the bombings were conducted by the same persons. One view is that the bombers are disgruntled civil servants who hold deep-seated grudges against the government.
Some have speculated that the culprits are rightists, whose purpose is to harass and embarrass the government. This view is based on the lack of claims in these bombings in these bombings, coupled with a theory that leftists typically issue political statements or communiques attempting to justify their use of violence, while rightist tend to remain silent. Also brought forward as circumstantial evidence for the rightists’ case is the choice of targets: it is argued that, if the terrorist were leftist, they would have attacked NATO targets or established contact with their ideological counterparts in Belgium, France or West Germany.
The terrorists - whoever they are or whatever political persuasion they represent - probably have extensive training in explosives gained from either service in the military or the police forces, because their devices have been constructed in a professional manner and most of them have gone off as planned. Moreover, the bombers show a high degree of sophistication in placing the devices in the precise positions where the maximum damage could be caused or the blast effects controlled.
In the attack on the swimming pool, for example, the bomb could have collapsed the entire prestressed roof had it not been purposely lowered by cable to reduce the blast effect. In placing this bomb, the perpetrator also demonstrated athletic skills and climbing ability. At the same time, the terrorists appear to have been consciously attempting to avoid serious injury to the public.
Counterterrorist response
The government’s previous complacent approach to terrorism has given way to serious efforts to improve its counterterrorist capabilities. [gecensureerd] recent steps include regrouping the Gendarmerie and the police under a new unified command, recruiting additional personnel, beefing up controls at the airports and access roads, and offering substantial monetary rewards for information.
[alinea gecensureerd]
Outlook
Luxemburg - until recently one of Europe’s most tranquil states - is now coming to grips with a persistent domestic terrorism. With little training or experience to start with, its security services have been unable to cope with the bombing epidemic. Unless the counterterrorist forces achieve some succes in their efforts, we would expect the bombings to continue. So far there are no indications that the terrorists are interested in attacking US or NATO interests, although there are many US businesses in the country and the upcoming Reforger military exercises could provide them with attractive targets. The government is coming under increasing internal political pressure to counter the threat [gecensureerd].
Chronology of Bombings in Luxemburg
27 April - Electrical pylons
7 May - Electrical pylons
27 May - Gendarmerie building
28 May - Electrical pylons
23 June - Natural gas line
5 July - Telephone cables
27 July - Newspaper office
28 August - Police post
28 August - Department of Bridges and Highways garage
30 September - Swimming pool complex
19 October - Palace of Justice
9 November - Ground control approach equipment, Findel airport
30 November - High-voltage power line
2 December - Roadway near EEC building
Bron: CIA | Terrorisme Review | 10 februari 1986
